Specific Learning Disorders (SLDs)

What Are Specific Learning Disorders?

Specific Learning Disorders (SLDs) are neurodevelopmental conditions that affect a person’s ability to acquire and use academic skills such as reading, writing, or mathematics. These difficulties are not due to low intelligence, lack of motivation, poor teaching, or sensory impairments—they occur despite average or above-average intelligence and adequate educational opportunities.

SLDs are lifelong conditions, but with early identification and the right supports, individuals can learn strategies to manage their challenges and thrive in school, work, and daily life.

Types of Specific Learning Disorders

SLDs can affect one or more specific areas of academic functioning. Under the DSM-5, they fall into three main categories:

1. SLD with Impairment in Reading (Dyslexia)

• Difficulty decoding words and recognising them automatically
• Problems with reading fluency, accuracy, or comprehension
• Struggles with phonics, spelling, and understanding written content

2. SLD with Impairment in Written Expression (Dysgraphia)

• Poor spelling, grammar, and punctuation
• Difficulty organising thoughts on paper
• Trouble with handwriting, sentence structure, or written coherence

3. SLD with Impairment in Mathematics (Dyscalculia)

• Difficulty understanding numbers, symbols, and basic maths operations
• Trouble with sequencing steps in calculations
• Problems with estimating, remembering maths facts, or solving word problems

Some common signs of a Specific Learning Disorder may include:

• Falling behind in reading, writing, or maths compared to peers
• Avoidance of schoolwork or homework
• Low academic confidence or school-related anxiety
• Difficulty following instructions or understanding multi-step problems
• Frequent spelling, grammar, or numerical errors despite practice
• Inconsistent academic performance

SLDs are diagnosed through a comprehensive assessment process that includes:

• Standardised academic testing
• Cognitive and developmental assessments
• Teacher and parent observations
• Evaluation of learning history and academic progress

Early diagnosis is key to accessing targeted supports and adjustments, particularly in the school and NDIS environment.

At Soothing Minds, we help children, adolescents, and adults with learning disorders build their confidence, develop skills, and overcome academic challenges. Our supports include:

• Psychoeducational assessments
• Individualised therapy and skill-building sessions
• Executive functioning coaching (organisation, planning, memory)
• Collaboration with schools to implement support strategies
• NDIS capacity building and Positive Behaviour Support (if needed)
• Parent and caregiver consultation to assist with home strategies

SLDs may be eligible for support under the NDIS if they significantly impact daily functioning. We can help with:

• Functional capacity assessments
• Reports to support NDIS access or plan reviews
• Implementation of capacity-building supports
• Behaviour support planning if behaviours of concern are present